08-03-01
- eac全文
- MNHT文献
- 会议总结
- 算例继续
- 没动
- 没动
- 没动
- done
- 主要都在装电脑了～
2008年2月29日星期五
2008年2月27日星期三
2008年2月25日星期一
精选的100个短语(ZZ)
1，a change of pace 节奏变换
You can’t do these chemistry experiments all day long. You certainly need a change of pace.
2, a far cry from 相距甚远
The published book is far cry from the early manuscript.
3, and how 的确
A: She’s a good dancer.
B: and how.
4, a matter of time 时间问题
It is only a matter of time.
5, a phone call away 一个电话之远，愿意过来帮忙。
If you need my help, do let me know. Just remember I am a phone call away.
6, a while back 不久以前
7，all along 一直
I knew it all along.
8, anything but 绝对不
I was anything but happy about going.
9, account for 解释
How do you account for it?
10, after all 到底
A: I’ve just seen the X-rays and your teeth look just fine,
B: I see. Then there is nothing to worry about after all.
11, allergic to 对|……过敏
Oh man! Something in this room is making my eyes itch. I must be allergic to something.
12, at sb’s service 愿为某人服务
I am at your service at any time.
13, around the clock 24小时不停
Martha studied around the clock for management exam.
14, as far as I know 就我所知
15，at home with 对…..很熟悉
She is at home with problems like this.
16, back out
1) 退出 A: Wasn’t Bert supposed to sing tonight?
B: Yes, but he backed out at last minute
2）不履行 She finally backed out of her promise.
17, be cut out for 天生适合
I’m not cut out to be a hero.
18, be absorbed in
She has been absorbed in a horror fiction. I can’t tear her away.
19, be addicted to 对……上瘾
She has been addicted to drugs for years.
20，be attached to 对……有感情
A: I’m amazed that you are still driving that old car of yours. I thought you would have gotten rid of it years ago.
B: It runs well and I’ve actually been quite attached to it.
21, back up
1) 累积
The subway is running behind schedule, and traffic is backed up for blocks. I don’t know if we’ll make the 6:30 show.
2) 支持
I’ll back it up.
22, be bound for 到……地方
The bus is bound for New England.
23, be (feel) myself 找到自我
I’m feeling myself again.
24, be burned up 生气
She was really burned up at the news.
25, be hard up for
I’m hard up for clothes, but I have a lot of books.
26, be head and shoulders above 好许多
In calculus, Joe is head and shoulders above his classmates.
27，be in the dark 蒙在鼓里
A: Do you have any idea what his notice is about?
B: I’m as in the dark as you are.
28，be stuck 卡住了
I can’t get this window open. It’s stuck.
29, bite off more than one can chew. 贪多嚼不烂
A: I hear you’re taking an advanced physics course this semester.
B: I think I’ve bitten off more than I can chew.
30, break new ground 有了新的突破
His architectural design broke new ground in the field.
31，benefit concert 慈善音乐会
We need to let everyone know about the benefit concert, but we don’t have much money for advertising.
32, busy signal 占线
I’ve been calling David for the past half hour, but I keep getting a busy signal.
33,between you and me 你我之间，保密
34，call for
A,打电话找
Tom just called for you.
B,预报
The forecast calls for heavy rain again tonight. Aren’t you glad we’ll be getting away from this for a week?
C,问
It’s probably in the new part of town. We’ll have to call for directions.
35, call it a day 就此结束
A: I’m really glad our club decides to raise money for the children’s hospital, and most of the people we’ve phoned seemed happy to contribute.
B: Yeah, I agree. Now we’ve gone through all the numbers on our list now, so I guess we can call it a day.
36,cash the check 兑现支票
Have your sister cashed her paycheck?
37,clear off 收拾，整理
It’s about time we clear off the desk.
38,come down (雨，雪)下起来
The heavy rain is coming down, now.
39, come in first in the race 比赛第一名
Not only did Jill come in first in the race but she also had her best running time of the season.
40,come what may 不管怎样
We’ll pick you up tomorrow at eight, come what may.
41,cost somebody an arm and a leg
A: Did you see the diamond ring Bill gave to Linda?
B: I sure did. It must have cost him an arm and a leg.
42, cut it out 闭嘴
I told you to cut it out.
43,be cut out for 生来时做……的
Dr. Hamilton doesn’t feel Larry is cut out for the medical profession.
44,department chair 系主任
I didn’t write that memo to the department chair.
45,dirt cheap 非常便宜
A: You’ve already furnished your apartment?
B: I’ve found some used furniture that was dirt cheap.
46, do with 用…..凑合; do without 没有……也行
You can do with your girlfriend.
You can do without your girlfriend
47, dog tired 特别累
同义：run down; worn out; out of steam
I’m dog tired these days. I’m working on seven articles.
48, down jacket 羽绒服
49，drive somebody up the wall 让某人发疯
同义：drive somebody out of one’s mind
The sound of all that raffic is driving me out of my mind.
50, fall back on 依赖
A: Were you able to understand that French novel without any help from the teacher?
B: I did pretty well, but I had to fall back on my dictionary occasionally.
51, fill a prescription 按处方抓药
Would you please fill this prescription for me?
52, Fill in for 代替； 同义：fill one’s place(position, shoes); take the place of; take over Say, Dave, can you fill in for me tonight at the restaurant? I’d like to go out of town.
53,food for thought 令人思考的东西；同义：thought-provoking
There is a lot food for thought in what he had to say.
54,for nothing 免费
To pay to see that movie would be foolish, when you can see it on TV for nothing.
55,from top to bottom 从上到下
A: Maybe you lost your wallet in this room.
B: I’ve searched it from top to bottom..
56, get of on the wrong foot 开始事情就做错了
I got off on the wrong foot, and I don’t have any idea which way to turn now.
57,get a lot out of something 从……学到很多
The training program was difficult, but she got a lot out of it.
58, get at 想说
Do you understand what I’m getting at?
59, get away with 对…..摆脱惩罚
A: Did you know that Bob is leaving for home tonight? He isn’t planning to take his final exams.
B: He can’t get away with that
60,get going 赶紧行动； 同义：get moving
A: It looks like we won’t have enough time to do all we wanted to.
B: Who says we won’t? let’s get going.
61, get on one’s nerve 招惹某人神经了
A: Why did you come to the meeting late? I left a message with your roommate about the time change.
B: She has a very short memory and it really gets on my nerve sometimes.
62, get started on 开始做
We should get started on the project.
63, get time off from work 从工作中抽时间
Oh, so she was able to get time off from the work.
64,give credibility to 相信
A: did you hear about Jim?
B: I wouldn’t give that rumor any credibility.
65,go easy on 温和对待
Well, since it’s your first and only ticket, the judge will probably go easy on you.
66,go in one ear and out the other 一耳朵进，一耳朵出
Well, you know Mike, everything’s in one ear and out the other.
67,go jogging 去跑步
Are you ready to go jogging?
68,go to one’s head 某人自负
A: Have you noticed how John’s changed since he became student government president?
B: I think the whole thing has gone to his head, and he used to be so sociable and open.
69,got the time 几点了
A: Got the time?
B: It’s a little after ten.
70, graduation announcements 毕业典礼请柬
Have you ordered your graduation announcements?
71,graon about 抱怨
How come Michael’s always groaning about something?
72,guest lecturer 客座教授
The only person who understood the guest lecturer was the professor.
73,hand-me-down 送的东西
A: What a gorgeous jacket. It must have cost a fortune.
B: Not at all. It’s a hand-me-down.
74,hand down 易如反掌
Lee won the chess match hands down.
75,have a way with 擅长
Bonnie really has a way with words.
76,have had it with 处于
I’ve had it with being sick in bed. I’ve read most of these magazines twice.
77, head and shoulders above 高出许多
In computer programming, Susan is head and shoulders above the rest of us.
78, hit the spots 特别好
This lemonade sure hits the spots.
79, hold the grudge 记仇
A: I wish I hadn’t hurt Mary’s feelings like that. You know I never meant to.
B: The great thing about Mary is that she doesn’t hold the grudge.
80, I have no idea which way to turn 我不知道该怎么办
81, I have seen worse 我见过更糟的
82, in advance 提前；同义：before hand, ahead of time
It’s a really nice apartment. But the owners want two-month rent in advance and I just don ’t have it.
83, in case 万一
Let’s take our suits along in case the sun comes out.
84, in next to no time 马上
A: Are you going to be using the copying machine long?
B: I’ll be through in next to no time.
85, in the red 赤字 反义：in the black
86,in the works 正在准备阶段
An advanced course in theoretical chemistry is the works.
87, keep to oneself
I’m amazed that you still haven’t gotten to know your neighbors.
88, kill time 浪费时间
Gosh, what can we do to kill the next 10 hours?
89, leave…up to somebody We’ll have to leave the decision up to him.
90, letter of recommendation 推荐信；letter of reference 推荐信
91, look on the bright sides of things 看事物的光明面
92, no kidding 不是开玩笑吧
93, on the tip of one’s tongue 就在舌尖
A: Are you sure you can’t remember the name of that record?
B: It’s just on the tip of my tongue!
94, quitting time 下课时间 I’m glad it’s almost quitting time.
95, take it over 重修
Don failed physics and had to take it over.
96, than necessary 比应该的要冷
The lab was cooler than necessary.
97, That’s easer said than done. 说来容易做来难
98, There is nothing to it. 没什么，很容易
I can run this projector. There’s really nothing to it.
99, with flying colors 成功
A: How did Ellen do on her American History exam?
B: She passed with flying colors.
100, You can bet your life 当然
A: Will Prof. Smith come to class on time?
B: You can bet your life.
2008年2月24日星期日
2008年2月23日星期六
sth important
１：磨练召唤成功的力量,培养想要成功的动力;
２：珍惜生命，珍惜时间,多有点成本意识;
３：碰到卡壳时,静下心,换个角度,再多想一想，总能找到解决方案;
４：有积极心态者处处都能发觉理想的结果;
５：懂得自救,条件好时,要努力;条件不好时,更要努力;
６：善于放弃，善于从损失中看到价值;
７：打开失败旁边的窗户，也许你就看到了希望或得到你想要的结果;
８：不要怕耗时间，不要悔自己的选择;
９：不要和自己较劲，让证据说话更有效果;
１０：记住你跑得快，别人跑得更快;要想做的漂亮点,就每天多做一点点.
2008年2月22日星期五
something orally
1. After you. 你先请。
2. I just couldn’t help it. 我就是忍不住。3. Don’t take it to heart. 别往心里去，别为此而忧虑伤神。
4. We’d better be off. 我们该走了。5. Let’s face it. 面对现实吧。
6. Let’s get started. 咱们开始干吧。7. I’m really dead. 我真要累死了。
8. I’ve done my best. 我已尽力了。9. Is that so? 真是那样吗？
10. Don’t play games with me!别跟我耍花招！
11. I don’t know for sure.我不确切知道。
12. I’m not going to kid you.我不是跟你开玩笑的。13. That’s something. 太好了，太棒了。
14. Brilliant idea!这主意真棒！这主意真高明！15. Do you really mean it? 此话当真？
16. You are a great help.你帮了大忙17. I couldn’t be more sure. 我再也肯定不过。
18. I am behind you.我支持你。
19. I’m broke.我身无分文。20. Mind you!请注意！听着！(也可仅用Mind。)
21. You can count on it.你尽管相信好了，尽管放心。
23. That depends.看情况再说。
24. Thanks anyway.无论如何我还是得谢谢你。25. It’s a deal.一言为定
2008年2月21日星期四
2008长江学者特聘和讲座教授 可能相关的
特聘教授
大连海事大学 热能工程 马鸿斌 美国 [美国]University of Missouri 副教授哈尔滨工业大学 工程热物理 刘林华 中国 哈尔滨工业大学 教授
清华大学 工程热物理 张辉 中国 [美国]纽约州立大学石溪分校 副教授
西北工业大学 流体力学 蔡晋生 中国 [新加坡]新加坡国立大学 Research Scientist
讲座教授
北京大学 流体力学 徐昆 中国 香港科技大学 教授
南京航空航天大学 流体力学 舒昌 中国 [新加坡]新加坡国立大学 教授
publication something
Pay attention to structure
“There are three necessary steps in useful research: the first to begin it, the second to end it and
the third to publish it.”
- M. Faraday
Sometimes outsiders see things more clearly than you.
What gets you accepted?
Attention to details
Check and double check your work
Consider the reviews
English must be as good as possible
Presentation is important
Take your time with revision
Acknowledge those who have helped you
New, original and previously unpublished
Critically evaluate your own manuscript
Ethical rules must be obeyed
- Nigel John Cook, Editor-in-Chief, Ore Geology Reviews
2008年2月20日星期三
读文献zz
蒲慕明：我深深感到新入科研之门的年轻学生最不该做的，就是大量下载所有与他领域有关的文献，而且努力去读所有的文献。一个科研新手往往很难判断所得信息的可信度与其意义，已存在的大量信息难免造成不必要的困惑。事实上，科学界泛滥成灾的文献，对年轻科学家富有创造力的心智可能会造成窒息性的伤害。（警告：读大量文献有碍健康！）身为一个神经生物学家，我常常在想，大脑处理信息的创造性与大脑已存信息量之间有什么关系？为什么科学上最富有创造性的，尤其是在物理与数学领域，常常是在科学家年轻的时候完成的？为什么大脑的创造力似乎随年龄而衰退？我现在的假说是「信息量」与「创造力」之间可能是成反比的。每一个新存入神经网络的信息，都是对创造性处理信息的一个新的约束。知识累积愈多，脑中各式各样的框架也愈多，而这些已知的框架正是创新的主要障碍。因此，对知识极谨慎、有「抵制性」地选择吸收，可能是保持创造力的重要一环。 ”
2008年2月18日星期一
2008年2月17日星期日
about resume
In general, however, the resume should include:
IDENTIFICATION DATA: name, address (or two addresses--present and permanent)
, and phone number(s) (including area code).
OBJECTIVE: a single phrase expressing the specific type of employment you are seeking and/or the principal skills you want to use on the job. Some people prepare two or more resumes with different objectives. Once you formulatea clear objective, you can use it almost as a thesis for the remainder of your resume; only information that supports your career objective should be in
cluded on the resume.
EDUCATION: basic details about your education, including college location (city and state), degree, date of graduation (or expected graduation), major, related course work and (possibly) G.P.A. Most college students do not need to include information about secondary school, but it is important to summarize education attained through community colleges, other colleges (i.e., tra
nsfer credits), and specialized training programs.
EMPLOYMENT: brief summaries of principle employment to date. Start with your current (or most recent) position and work backward. Include all employment relevant to your career objective in any way. Internships and cooperative experience can be listed either under employment or under education.
Provide the name of the employer, the employer's location, your job title, dates of employment, and simple verb phrases to summarize your main activities on the job (see "action verb" list). When ever possible quantify and qualify data with specific details and statistics that illustrate your potential.
ACTIVITIES/HONORS/SPECIAL SKILLS: additional areas that may be included on the resume if space allows. List all major activities and awards as well as any skills that are relevant to your career objective. These can show leadership, organization, critical thinking, teamwork, self management, initiative and influencing others.
PERSONAL DATA: such as height, weight, sex, and marital status should not be listed on the resume. Such factors are irrelevant and cannot legally be considered in employment decisions.
REFERENCES: and, in some cases, portfolios or transcripts can be listed as "available upon request" if you have enough room at the bottom of the resume. Have references, phone numbers, and business addresses ready on a separate sheet whenever you go to an interview.
Remember to keep all information on the resume concise and clear. A one-page resume is best, although people with extensive experience or advanced degrees may have to use two pages. Be scrupulously careful when you proofread; some employers will refuse to consider candidates who submit resumes with spelling or typographical errors.
ACTION VERBS FOR JOB DESCRIPTIONS
Verb phrases are the strongest way to describe previous job responsibilities. To write verb phrases, pretend you're telling someone about your job, beginning each sentence with "I. . . . " For example, "I supervise ten employees. I organize mass mailings. I arrange airline and hotel reservations." On the resume, you omit the "I" and use only the remaining verb phrases to describe the work you do: "Supervise ten employees. Organize mass mailings. Arrange airline and hotel reservations." Use present tense verb phrases for jobs you currently hold and past tense for former jobs. If you have any difficulty finding the right verbs to describe your work, choose from the following list:
accomplished achieved
acquired acted
adapted addressed
adjusted administered
advanced advised
allocated analyzed
applied appraised
approved arranged
assembled assigned
assisted attained
audited author
automated balanced
brought budgeted
built calculated
catalogued chaired
changed clarified
coached collected
communicated compared
compiled completed
composed computed
computerized conceptualized
conceived concluded
conducted conserved
consolidated contained
continued contracted
contributed controlled
coordinated corrected
corresponded counseled
created critiqued
cut decreased
delegated decided
defined delivered
demonstrated determined
designed developed
devised diagnosed
directed dispatched
distinguished distributed
diversified drafted
edited educated
eliminated enabled
encouraged engineered
enlisted established
ensured estimated
evaluated examined
executed expanded
expedited extracted
fabricated facilitated
familiarized fashioned
finalized focused
forecast formulated
founded gathered
generated graded
guided handled
headed up identified
illustrated implemented
improved increased
indoctrinated influenced
informed initiated
innovated inspected
instructed insured
integrated interpreted
interviewed introduced
invented investigated
kept launched
lectured led
made maintained
managed manufactured
marketed mediated
moderated modified
monitored motivated
negotiated observed
operated ordered
organized originated
outsold overhauled
oversaw participated
performed persuaded
planned prepared
presented presided
prioritized processed
produced programmed
projected promoted
proposed provided
publicized published
purchased recommended
reconciled recorded
recruited reduced
referred regulated
rehabilitated related
remodeled repaired
reported represented
researched restored
restructured retrieved
reversed reviewed
revised revitalized
saved scheduled
schooled screened
selected serviced
set shaped
screened selected
simplified skilled
sold solidified
solved specified
stimulated streamlined
strengthened suggested
summarized supervised
surveyed systemized
tabulated taught
tested trained
translated traveled
trimmed updated
upgraded validated
worked wrote
RESUME CRITIQUE LIST
Does the overall appearance make an employer want to read it?
Is the layout professional?
Is the information organized so it is easy to read? (If the employer just skims through it, would their eyes pick up the key points?)
Is it well typed? (Do not mix print styles. Important titles should be under lined. Use bold and capital letters only when appropriate.)
Is it printed on good quality paper? (Remember to avoid colored paper; it does not copy well.)
Are all words spelled correctly? (Have your resume proof-read by a valued colleague.)
Is the writing style clear? (Do not use jargon.)
Do statements begin with action verbs and communicate accomplishments and results?
Are verb tenses consistent? (Have your resume proof-read by someone who is good in English.)
Is the employment objective well-written and clear? (Tailoring your resume to the job you are applying for increases your success rate.)
Is the major discipline explained in brief if it is one that the employers may not understand?
Are employment experiences listed in reverse chronological order?
Do your strengths stand out? Is it easy to get a clear picture of your qualifications?
Does your resume stress accomplishments and skills more than responsibilities and duties?
Does your resume sell your problem-solving abilities?
Does your resume show volunteer work that might be relevant to the position sought?
Did you account for all periods of time? (The employer will look for this.)
Has irrelevant information been eliminated? Could your resume tell the same story if it were shortened?
Can the same information be limited to one page?
四 大 检 索 系 统
SCI、EI、ISTP、ISR是世界四大重要检索系统，其收录论文的状况是评价国家、单位
和科研人员的成绩、水平以及进行奖励的重要依据之一。我国被四大系统收录的论文数
量逐年增长。学校在"1512工程"建设及科技成果奖励方案中均十分重视四大系统，也已
成为教师和科研人员提升自己的努力方向。
《SCI》（科学引文索引，Science Citation Index）创刊于1963年，是美国科学情
报研究所（ISI，http://www.isinet.com）出版的一部世界著名的期刊文献检索工具 。
SCI收录全世界出版的数、理、化、农、林、医、生命科学、天文、地理、环境、材料、
工程技术等自然科学各学科的核心期刊约3500种；扩展版收录期刊5800余种。ISI通过它
严格的选刊标准和评估程序挑选刊源，而且每年略有增减，从而做到其收录的文献能全
面覆盖全世界最重要、最有影响力的研究成果。所谓最有影响力的研究成果，是指报道
这些成果的文献大量地被其它文献引用。即通过先期的文献被当前文献的引用，来说明
文献之间的相关性及先前文献对当前文献的影响力。这使得SCI不仅作为一部文献检索工
具使用，而且成为对科研进行评价的一种依据。科研机构被SCI收录的论文总量，反映出
整个学术团体的研究水平、尤其是基础研究的水平；个人的论文被SCI收录的数量及被引
用次数，反映出个人的研究能力与学术水平。ISI每年还出版JCR（期刊引用报告，Jour
nal Citation Reports）。JCR对包括SCI收录的3500种期刊在内的4700种期刊之间的引
用和被引用数据进行统计、运算，并针对每种期刊定义了影响因子（Impact Factor）等
指数加以报道。一种期刊的影响因子，指该刊前二年发表的文献在当年的平均被引用次
数。一种刊物的影响因子越高，其刊载的文献被引用率越高，说明这些文献报道的研究
成果影响力大，反映该刊物的学术水平高。论文作者可根据期刊的影响因子排名决定投
稿方向。
《EI》（工程索引，Engineering Index）创刊于1884年，是美国工程信息公司出版
的著名工程技术类综合性检索工具。EI选用世界上工程技术类期刊2000余种。收录文献
几乎涉及工程技术各个领域。例如：动力、电工、电子、自动控制、矿冶、金属工艺、
机械制造、土建、水利等。它具有综合性强、资料来源广、地理覆盖面广、报道量大、
报道质量高、权威性强等特点。
《ISTP》（科技会议录索引，Index to Scientific &Technical Proceedings）创
刊于1978年，由美国科学情报学会编辑出版，会议录收录生命科学、物理与化学科学、
农业、生物和环境科学、工程技术和应用科学等学科，其中工程技术与应用科学类文献
约占35%。
《ISR》（科学评论索引，Index to Scientific Reviews）创刊于1974年，由美国
科学情报研究所编辑出版，收录世界各国2700余种科技期刊及300余种专著丛刊中有价值
的评述论文。高质量的评述文章能够提供本学科或某个领域的研究发展概况、研究热点
、主攻方向等重要信息，是极为珍贵的参考资料。
量逐年增长。学校在"1512工程"建设及科技成果奖励方案中均
成为教师和科研人员提升自己的努力方向。
《SCI》（科学引文索引，Science Citation Index）创刊于1963年，是美国科学情
报研究所（ISI，http://www.isinet.com）出版的一部世界著
SCI收录全世界出版的数、理、化、农、林、医、生命科学、天文
工程技术等自然科学各学科的核心期刊约3500种
严格的选刊标准和评估程序挑选刊源，而且每年略有增减
面覆盖全世界最重要、最有影响力的研究成果。所谓最有影响力的研
这些成果的文献大量地被其它文献引用。即通过先期的文献被当前文
文献之间的相关性及先前文献对当前文献的影响力。这使得SCI不
具使用，而且成为对科研进行评价的一种依据。科研机构被SCI收
整个学术团体的研究水平、尤其是基础研究的水平；个人的论文被S
用次数，反映出个人的研究能力与学术水平。ISI每年还出版JC
nal Citation Reports）。JCR对包括SCI收录的3500种期刊在内
用和被引用数据进行统计、运算，并针对每种期刊定义了影响因子
指数加以报道。一种期刊的影响因子，指该刊前二年发表的文献在当
数。一种刊物的影响因子越高，其刊载的文献被引用率越高
成果影响力大，反映该刊物的学术水平高。论文作者可根据期刊的影
稿方向。
《EI》（工程索引，Engineering Index）创刊于1884年，是美国工程信息公司出版
的著名工程技术类综合性检索工具。EI选用世界上工程技术类期刊
几乎涉及工程技术各个领域。例如：动力、电工、电子、自动控制
机械制造、土建、水利等。它具有综合性强、资料来源广
报道质量高、权威性强等特点。
《ISTP》（科技会议录索引，Index to Scientific &Technical Proceedings）创
刊于1978年，由美国科学情报学会编辑出版，会议录收录生命科
农业、生物和环境科学、工程技术和应用科学等学科
约占35%。
《ISR》（科学评论索引，Index to Scientific Reviews）创刊于1974年，由美国
科学情报研究所编辑出版，收录世界各国2700余种科技期刊及3
的评述论文。高质量的评述文章能够提供本学科或某个领域的研究发
、主攻方向等重要信息，是极为珍贵的参考资料。
申请国外博士后的好网站
2008年2月16日星期六
李政道关于博士后
让一部分经选择的刚刚获得博士学位的乃年轻人在好几个不同的（包括国内和国外的）单位流动二至六年，通过在不同的环境中接触多方面的学者和工作，以开拓眼界，增长见识和经验，锻炼出独立工作的能力，再通过国际水准的竞争，取得相对固定的职位。经过这样严格考验的人才才能成为新一代的学术带头人，开拓新的科学，把科技应用于国民经济做出贡献。这种人才是人才结构中必需的重要的一部分。
由世界各国近四十年的科技发展经验表明，除少数人外，青年博士必须在学术活跃的环境中，再经过二至六年独立工作的训练，才能渐趋成熟。这是他们的年龄在30岁上下，可以委以重任，去解决科技难题和培养新人。
……目的，一方面是产生流动，另一方面是要锻炼和选出更优秀的人才，它不是单纯的推迟分配所能达到的。
中国作为世界大国，必须培养大量高级的科研带头人。……取得博士学位只是高级人才培养过程中的一个环节，青年博士必须在学术气氛活跃的环境里再经过几年独立工作的锻炼，才能逐渐成熟……
2008年2月15日星期五
流体百态zz
流体运动的多样性和不稳定性长期以来都是重要的课题。下面这些图片都出自1998、1999和2000年美国物理学会流体力学分会举办的年度流体运动图片展，有的是实验结果，也有计算机模拟图象，展示了难以解析计算的流体复杂行为。
1、水流流过球体后产生的旋涡：管中稳定的水流流过直径1厘米的球体时产生的周期性旋涡结构。激光照射出的流体形态显示，旋涡呈反向纤维状。实验时雷诺数的选取要将将使流体尾迹有周期性行为。本实验根据球体直径将雷诺数选为320，远小于湍流的临界雷诺数2000左右，但球体后方的尾流仍相当复杂。
2、共轴喷射流附近的剪切不稳定性：共轴慢速圆喷流和快速窄喷流界面上产生的纵向和横向剪切不稳定性。下图的实验中两道流体的速度比选为3，雷诺数约为20000。横向不稳定性产生的纵向旋涡可以有效混合喷流附近的流体。如进一步加大速度比，则出现类似不稳定尾流的振荡，不再表现为喷流行为。
4、蓟花冠冕：将一滴染色的水滴滴到甘油层上得到的结果。水滴先是分为外环和内层两部分，随后表面张力使水层产生涡旋，波动又加强了张力梯度，产生图中所示的叶状外观（各图时间间隔约5秒）。
5、湍流的色彩：实验采用的流体在不同温度下会呈现不同的色彩，因而颜色的变化就表现了湍流的热量传输过程，图样则与瞬时传输系数相关。图中展现的是在涡轮驱动的下行水流抵达固壁时的温度分布。 
6、喷流扰动的空穴：连续的水流射入水池中，导致池中出现充有空气的空穴。控制喷嘴处的阀门可以增强入射水流，这导致了鼓包的出现。照片中展现了鼓包在张力和引力作用下随时间演化的情况。实验中的雷诺数约为12300。
7、涡旋的产生：涡旋可以通过抽动水流产生。下图两个涡旋分别由两端的盘状物旋转生成。染色的水流可以帮助人们理解湍流中涡丝的动力学行为。
8、三维流体与固体的作用：使用微元法和欧拉-拉格朗日标记进行的三维流体模拟。流体流出后在引力作用下流向三条短堤围起的障碍物。模拟中表现了障碍物后方和周边区域的水波结构。
9、微观流体的湍动：46微米厚的液晶层的流动。液晶夹在两块玻璃平板之间，两块玻璃板的内表面连以电极。当电场强度平缓增加时，液晶先是分成6束流（右上），再变为弱的湍流状态（左下）或是方格状对流元（右下），下侧两图中液晶的物理参数均处在混沌与湍流的过渡范围内。
10、受迫固壁流的双螺旋不稳定性：对平面固壁流（Wall Jet）传输过程的分析。可视化采用了米散射的方法。其中a、c两图为实验结果，d为实验装置介绍，b、e、f、g为计算机模拟结果。
11.剪切层不稳定波与斜激波作用产生的声波：剪切层不稳定性与激波元的作用可以使超音速流产生噪音。下图是为了了解作用过程而构造的二维模型，由斜激波和超音速剪切层组成，剪切层中有不稳定的波动。图中黄色表示强压缩区域，红色为压缩区域，蓝色为膨胀区，灰色为音速区，绿色为涡度等高线。
12.剪切层不稳定波与斜激波作用产生的声波：圆形振膜上水滴的雾化，1厘米直径的水滴在400毫秒的时间内被粉碎迅速。水滴表面的不稳定性引起了表面波，波峰喷射出更小的次级水滴，瓦解了原水滴，而原水滴与振膜的耦合会影响次级水滴的演化行为。
13.旋涡的不稳定并合：初始条件为两个共转的层流涡旋。当雷诺数增加至2000后，三维不稳定性使涡旋瓦解。下图上侧为并合前的情况，下侧为并合后，左侧为侧视图，右侧为附视图。
看美剧学口语心得和推荐zz
发信人: mazzy (can dream come true), 信区: Oversea
标 题: 看美剧学口语心得和推荐
发信站: 水木社区 (Wed Feb 13 05:22:43 2008), 站内
disclaimer:俺发这个绝对不是因为俺口语有如何如何的好, 俺知道版上牛人很多..只是为想提高口语的同修们提供一个参考吧:)
1. 看美剧学口语的优点:
1) 时间自由,地点自由,只要有laptop和耳机即可,不用费心和学校给找的米国人约时间喝咖啡聊天, 也避免一开始口语听力不好直接在生活中和人说英语的紧张感;而且美剧比电影时间要短,比较长的drama一集40分钟,sitcom一集20分钟左右,可以比较好的利用时间,不会占用太多日常学习和工作的时间
2) 兼有提高口语听力和放松的双重功能...俺大学最后一年养成了每天睡前看一集电视剧的习惯,反正同修们需要study break的时候肯定都想看看电视节目电影啥的,与其看台湾娱乐节目和香港电视剧,不如看一集美剧,既有娱乐效果又有学习效果..---当然这个是说给想看的同修的..偶个人绝对不反对因为想家,偏好等等原因看大陆和香港的电视剧..etc.
3) 能够学到比较生活化的口语,因为俺个人感觉好来坞电影什么的为了追求戏剧效果,有时候对白和发音都和日常生活不是特别一样,但是电视剧就好很多,slang很多,尤其是sitcom之类的有很多俗语,不至于出现自个儿说的英语别人听不懂,别人的英语自个儿也听不懂的情况
2. 比较好的美剧推荐
1) 入门版
Friends: 不用说,这个肯定是最经典的啦,估计版上大多数同修出来前就看过了,不过偶实在太喜欢这个了.没事就拿出来看一下,不仅可以加强听力口语还有治疗抑郁压力过大之功效~:)俺觉得比较经典的看法是中文字幕一遍,不放字幕看一遍,英文字幕一遍,最后再不放字幕看:)
和friends类似的据说有seinfield,will and grace等等,但是我看了后者不觉得好笑,所以就没看下去了.
friends的优点是语言生活化而且形象,基本上看完了就能和大家用英语插科打诨了;缺点是词汇量比较小,句子太偏口语,用以前谁说的话就是,ross是里面文化水平最高的了..专业词汇和职场一点的词汇都没有.
2) 初级版
sex & city: 这个也是个人偏好,估计男生不一定喜欢.但是这个剧的情节很经典啦,而且有六季,足够看一阵子.如果是女生的话看这个应该会增添很多fashion和relationship方面的词汇量和表达方式,另外,虽然四个人貌似总是谈性不断,但毕竟本剧的主角是纽约中年白领女..所以表达方式要比friends高阶一点,个人意见.
Desperate housewives: 这个剧的内容就是生活优裕家庭中的事儿,所以相对的语言要文雅很多.记得以前很多美剧论坛上都有人特喜欢第一季自杀的主妇剧末的总结.
类似的有gilmore girl,但是不好找,我只看过一两集.
3) 听力版
lost:该剧真是练听力的好材料..因为不同的口音实在是太多了!据说有美国东部口音,印度口音,韩国口音,黑人口音,英音,据说还有苏格兰音..偶第一次感觉自己听力有提高就是暑假不带字幕的看完了两季lost之后
4)提高版&专业词汇版
law & order:这个也是经典中的经典..不过我也没系统的看过..可能因为对刑事法律还是没太大兴趣把,而且平时学习累,看这个感觉更累:)
boston legal:我很喜欢里面的语言.此外,这个剧是目前为止我看过的剧中语速最快,词汇量最大的剧了.强烈推荐.而且很有喜剧色彩,美女很多,看着不累.:)
医务剧:因为专业关系..俺一直对医务剧没啥兴趣,不过据说house, grey之类的医务专业词汇也很多,应该满有用的吧.
Apprentice:trump同学的老脸虽然有点自恋..但是本剧对于商务和职场英语的提高还是很有帮助的,里面有很多teamwork的词汇,包括和别人合作时如何讨论, 作为groupleader时如何主持会议组织讨论等等.此外也可以了解一下米国人怎么在职场上勾心斗角的:)
5) 其他
how i met your mother:这个剧可以更新一下从friends里头学到的口语..因为friends毕竟老了点, 10年前的剧了.这个剧没有friends好笑其实.但是生活气息很浓,又是sitcom, 20分钟一集,所以可以时不时的看一下.
6)强烈不推荐的..
24: 仅仅从口语角度..因为鲍小强同学说的话实在太少了!而且为了体现他老人家的当机立断,基本都是短语..从内容上讲,都是恐怖分子和fbi之类如何打打杀杀的,在现实生活中也没用,是把.谁要在现实生活中像鲍同学那样讲话,基本可以判定是神经了.
3. 关于字幕
俺觉得没必要特意看字幕或者不看字幕.一开始肯定是要看中文字幕的,但是慢慢就可以放弃了.我当时是因为喜欢看的越来越多, 有些根本来不及或找不到字幕,所以也就硬着头皮看下去, 最初看不大懂,但是慢慢就会长进很多.如果能做到的话早点放弃中文字幕最好.但是如果找到英文字幕可以跟着英文字幕多看几遍.个人意见,不用字幕更容易练听力,看英文字幕则对口语更有好处.
标 题: 看美剧学口语心得和推荐
发信站: 水木社区 (Wed Feb 13 05:22:43 2008), 站内
disclaimer:俺发这个绝对不是因为俺口语有如何如何的
1. 看美剧学口语的优点:
1) 时间自由,地点自由,只要有laptop和耳机即可
2) 兼有提高口语听力和放松的双重功能...俺大学最后一年养成了每
3) 能够学到比较生活化的口语,因为俺个人感觉好来坞电影什么的为了
2. 比较好的美剧推荐
1) 入门版
Friends: 不用说,这个肯定是最经典的啦,估计版上大多数同修出来前就看过
和friends类似的据说有seinfield,will and grace等等,但是我看了后者不觉得好笑,所以就没看下去了.
friends的优点是语言生活化而且形象,基本上看完了就能和
2) 初级版
sex & city: 这个也是个人偏好,估计男生不一定喜欢.但是这个剧的情节很经典啦,而且有六季,足够看一阵子.如果是女生的话看这个应该会增添很多fashio
Desperate housewives: 这个剧的内容就是生活优裕家庭中的事儿,所以相对的语言要文雅很多.记得以前很多美剧论坛上都有人特喜欢
类似的有gilmore girl,但是不好找,我只看过一两集.
3) 听力版
lost:该剧真是练听力的好材料..因为不同的口音实在是太多
4)提高版&专业词汇版
law & order:这个也是经典中的经典..不过我也没系统的看过.
boston legal:我很喜欢里面的语言.此外,这个剧是目前为止我看过的剧中语速最快,词汇量最大的剧了.强烈推荐.而且很有喜剧色彩,美女很多,看着不累.:)
医务剧:因为专业关系..俺一直对医务剧没啥兴趣
Apprentice:trump同学的老脸虽然有点自恋.
5) 其他
how i met your mother:这个剧可以更新一下从friends里头学到的口
6)强烈不推荐的..
24: 仅仅从口语角度..因为鲍小强同学说的话实在太少了
3. 关于字幕
俺觉得没必要特意看字幕或者不看字幕.一开始肯定是要看中文字幕
--
※ 修改:·mazzy 于 Feb 13 05:37:45 修改本文·[FROM: 137.113.48.*]
※ 来源:·水木社区 newsmth.net·[FROM: 137.113.48.*]
080215读书笔记
读了两本关于21世纪的重大学科发展的书，有一点点记录，算是能够对自己稍有启发的方面吧，记录下来，也许会有些促进。
作科研的关键几点：
1、要注重交叉学科，要把自己的优势应用到未开发领域，这是眼光问题，也是成败关键；
2、要有高明的学术领导人，如果没有，自己要努力成为之；
3、要不畏艰难，不怕失败，不怕嘲笑，坚定不移；
4、要敢于争论，要善于合作；
5、要注重实验，实验才能检验理论。
另外关于几个学科方向可能是有意义的：
1、软物质
2、原子间作用势的反问题
3、湍流以及大气科学
4、DNA单分子力学
究竟什么才不算一稿多投呢
这是一个敏感问题，也是每个要发表论文的人肯定会遇到的问题，主要是自己的国际会议要转投国际期刊的问题，所以很谨慎。查了很久，看了许多人的讨论，还是没有得到一个肯定的结论，最彻底的办法就是类似的文章就不要投，但是事实上，总是很难完全避免，但是看了这么久，有几点是可以肯定的，记录如下：
1、idea类似就不要多投；
2、会议主动给转的期刊，就无所谓；
3、虽然一般说从会议文章拓展30%甚至50%以上可以投期刊，也要慎重慎重再慎重，不能照搬。
2008年2月14日星期四
about ppt zz from anqi's space
“In the first part, tell them what you are going to tell them. Second part, tell them it. Last part, tell them what you have told them. And you might want to tell them what else can be told in the future.”
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